Research Studies

Zhang R, Li B, Gao X, et al. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the risk of cardiovascular disease: dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;105(4):810-819. doi:0.3945/ajcn.116.140392

Vitamin D & Common Cold

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29853961/

Vitamin D & Dementia

https://alz-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dad2.12404#:~:text=Vitamin%20D%20exposure%20was%20associated%20with%2040%25%20lower%20dementia%20incidence,ε4%20non%2Dcarriers%20versus%20carriers

Vitamin D x Metabolic

Soluble Fiber
Whole grain oat & barley – heart, blood sugar, gut health

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32728756/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8624670/ (gut microbiota)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10721886/ (energy regulation)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11396693/ (weight)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7987624/ (flaxseed and blood sugar)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8045255/ (oat bran x gestational diabetes)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5062871/ (soluble fiber x diabetes)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8063794/ (oats x immune)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8625765/ (oats x diabetes, heart dz, cancer)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7400945/ (legumes x diabetes)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24871476/ (beans health benefits)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19825218/ (beans health benefits)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23398387/ (beans x cardiometabolic disease)

Whole grains x fiber x metabolic health

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33027944/

Whole grains x heart disease, cancer, mortality

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27301975/

Whole grains x cancer

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33297391/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6566984/ (cholesterol)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9535527/ (constipation)

Leafy Greens Health Benefits

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34034049/

Leafy Green Vegetables and Brain Health

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29263222/

Med Diet & aging

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34725664/

Med Diet x O3 X Poly x Brain Health

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31521398/

Nutrients in Food & Brain Health

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17066209/

Epigenetics

https://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13104-019-4633-1#Abs1 (sleep)
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7205853/#:~:text=Together%2C%20these%20findings%20suggest%20that,personalized%20approach%20to%20nutritional%20interventions (med diet)
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11357-022-00581-9#citeas (vit D)
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12603-022-1758-z (vit D x knee pain x epigenetics)
https://sci-hub.ru/https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201800092 (B12 x MTHFR)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0261561422000747 (med diet, polyphenols)
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/acel.13439 (exercise)

Choline x brain x epigenetics

Choline x pregnancy

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31117180/

Choline x first 1000 days

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32531929/

Prenatal folate and choline

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35057545/

Choline x genetics

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17613168/

Nutrition genomics – choline

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21270363/

Low choline x cognitive performance

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22717142/

Choline x cognitive performance (low versus high)

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34745383/

Choline x neuroprotection

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28788094/

Choline x neuroprotective effect

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31817768/

Nuts & Berries & Cognition

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24871475/

Berries health benefits

Berries x microbiome x immune

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36738429/

Berries, leafy greens, citrus x mental health

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31906271/

Nuts x Health

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29207471/

Nuts x brain x aging x sarcopenia

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33672861/

Nuts x CVD x Diabetes x cancer

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36041171/

Lentils x polyphenols x health

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29125587/

Chia seeds

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31159190/

Specialty Seeds x health

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33719194/

Fish x heart health

Fish x human health

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35758202/

Seafood & Health

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34311902/

Egg protein benefits

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35889862/

Egg Health Benefits

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30909449/

Egg X CVD (no association – meta-analysis)

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32132002/

Cholesterol X CVD (AHA 2020)

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31838890/

Polyphenols (wine, dark chocolate)

Moreno-Arribas MV, Bartolomé B, Peñalvo JL, Pérez-Matute P, Motilva MJ. Relationship between Wine Consumption, Diet and Microbiome Modulation in Alzheimer’s Disease. Nutrients. 2020; 12(10):3082. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103082

Pavlidou E, Mantzorou M, Fasoulas A, Tryfonos C, Petridis D, Giaginis C. Wine: An Aspiring Agent in Promoting Longevity and Preventing Chronic Diseases. Diseases. 2018 Aug 8;6(3):73. doi: 10.3390/diseases6030073. PMID: 30096779; PMCID: PMC6165230.

Nemoto K, Kokubun K, Ogata Y, Koike Y, Arai T, Yamakawa Y. Dark Chocolate Intake May Reduce Fatigue and Mediate Cognitive Function and Gray Matter Volume in Healthy Middle-Aged Adults. Behav Neurol. 2022 Dec 13;2022:6021811. doi: 10.1155/2022/6021811. PMID: 36561325; PMCID: PMC9767741.

Shin JH, Kim CS, Cha L, Kim S, Lee S, Chae S, Chun WY, Shin DM. Consumption of 85% cocoa dark chocolate improves mood in association with gut microbial changes in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Nutr Biochem. 2022 Jan;99:108854. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108854. Epub 2021 Sep 14. PMID: 34530112.

Bakaloudi DR, Halloran A, Rippin HL, Oikonomidou AC, Dardavesis TI, Williams J, Wickramasinghe K, Breda J, Chourdakis M. Intake and adequacy of the vegan diet. A systematic review of the evidence. Clin Nutr. 2021 May;40(5):3503-3521. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.11.035. Epub 2020 Dec 7. PMID: 33341313.

Sakkas H, Bozidis P, Touzios C, Kolios D, Athanasiou G, Athanasopoulou E, Gerou I, Gartzonika C. Nutritional Status and the Influence of the Vegan Diet on the Gut Microbiota and Human Health. Medicina (Kaunas). 2020 Feb 22;56(2):88. doi: 10.3390/medicina56020088. PMID: 32098430; PMCID: PMC7073751.

Melina V, Craig W, Levin S. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016 Dec;116(12):1970-1980. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.09.025. PMID: 27886704.

references

B12 deficiency references

1. “Office of Dietary Supplements - Vitamin B12.” NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminB12-HealthProfessional/.

2. Wong, CW. “Vitamin B12 Deficiency in the Elderly: Is It Worth Screening?” HKMJ, 11 Mar. 2019, https://www.hkmj.org/abstracts/v21n2/155.htm.

3. C.W. Wong, et al. “Vitamin B12 Deficiency in the Institutionalized Elderly: A Regional Study.” Experimental Gerontology, Pergamon, 27 June 2015, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0531556515300024?fr=RR-1&ref=cra_js_challenge.

4. Shipton MJ, Thachil J. Vitamin B12 deficiency - A 21st century perspective . Clin Med (Lond). 2015 Apr;15(2):145-50. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.15-2-145. PMID: 25824066; PMCID: PMC4953733.

5. Rizzo G, Laganà AS, Rapisarda AM, La Ferrera GM, Buscema M, Rossetti P, Nigro A, Muscia V, Valenti G, Sapia F, Sarpietro G, Zigarelli M, Vitale SG. Vitamin B12 among Vegetarians: Status, Assessment and Supplementation. Nutrients. 2016 Nov 29;8(12):767. doi: 10.3390/nu8120767. PMID: 27916823; PMCID: PMC5188422.

6. Swarnakari K, Bai M, Manoharan M, et al. (November 19, 2022) The Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Acid Hypersecretion-Induced Vitamin B12 Deficiency: A Systematic Review (2022). Cureus 14(11): e31672. doi:10.7759/cureus.31672

7. Nehra AK, Alexander JA, Loftus CG, Nehra V. Proton Pump Inhibitors: Review of Emerging Concerns. Mayo Clin Proc. 2018 Feb;93(2):240-246. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.10.022. PMID: 29406201.

8. Lam JR, Schneider JL, Zhao W, Corley DA. Proton Pump Inhibitor and Histamine 2 Receptor Antagonist Use and Vitamin B12 Deficiency. JAMA. 2013;310(22):2435–2442. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.280490

9. Kim J, Ahn CW, Fang S, Lee HS, Park JS. Association between metformin dose and vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Nov;98(46):e17918. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000017918. PMID: 31725641; PMCID: PMC6867725.

10. Aroda VR, Edelstein SL, Goldberg RB, Knowler WC, Marcovina SM, Orchard TJ, Bray GA, Schade DS, Temprosa MG, White NH, Crandall JP; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Long-term Metformin Use and Vitamin B12 Deficiency in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Apr;101(4):1754-61. doi: 10.1210/jc.2015-3754. Epub 2016 Feb 22. PMID: 26900641; PMCID: PMC4880159.

11. Infante M, Leoni M, Caprio M, Fabbri A. Long-term metformin therapy and vitamin B12 deficiency: An association to bear in mind. World J Diabetes. 2021 Jul 15;12(7):916-931. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i7.916. PMID: 34326945; PMCID: PMC8311483.

12. Kathiravan, M., Kavitha, S. & Shanthi, R. To determine the effect of long-term antiepileptic drug on the serum folate and vitamin B12 among epileptic patients. Sci Rep 11, 4393 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83312-y

13. Abenavoli L, Delibasic M, Peta V, Turkulov V, De Lorenzo A, Medić-Stojanoska M. Nutritional profile of adult patients with celiac disease. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2015 Nov;19(22):4285-92. PMID: 26636515.

14. Martín-Masot R, Nestares MT, Diaz-Castro J, López-Aliaga I, Alférez MJM, Moreno-Fernandez J, Maldonado J. Multifactorial Etiology of Anemia in Celiac Disease and Effect of Gluten-Free Diet: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients. 2019; 11(11):2557. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11112557

15. Kreutz JM, Adriaanse MPM, van der Ploeg EMC, Vreugdenhil ACE. Narrative Review: Nutrient Deficiencies in Adults and Children with Treated and Untreated Celiac Disease. Nutrients. 2020; 12(2):500. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020500

16. Mark G. Ward, MBBS, Viraj C. Kariyawasam, MBBS, Sathis B. Mogan, MBBS, Kamal V. Patel, BSc, MBBS, Maria Pantelidou, MBBS, BSc, DPMSA, Agata Sobczyńska-Malefora, MSc, PhD, François Porté, MBBS, BSc, Nyree Griffin, MBChB, MD, Simon H. C. Anderson, MD, Jeremy D. Sanderson, MD, Dominic J. Harrington, BSc, MSc, PhD, Peter M. Irving, MA, MD, Prevalence and Risk Factors for Functional Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Patients with Crohn's Disease, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Volume 21, Issue 12, 1 December 2015, Pages 2839–2847, https://doi.org/10.1097/MIB.0000000000000559 17. Chen Yueying, Wang Yu Fan, Shen Jun. (2020) Anemia and iron deficiency in Crohn’s disease. Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 14:3, pages 155-162.

18. Gomollón F, Gargallo CJ, Muñoz JF, Vicente R, Lue A, Mir A, García-Alvarado M, Gracia M, García-López S. Oral Cyanocobalamin is Effective in the Treatment of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Crohn’s Disease. Nutrients. 2017; 9(3):308. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9030308

19. Huang S, Ma J, Zhu M, Ran Z. Status of serum vitamin B12 and folate in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in China. Intest Res. 2017 Jan;15(1):103-108. doi: 10.5217/ir.2017.15.1.103. Epub 2017 Jan 31. PMID: 28239320; PMCID: PMC5323299.

20. Weng T, Chang C, Dong Y, et alAnaemia and related nutrient deficiencies after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysisBMJ Open 2015;5:e006964. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006964

21. Lombardo M, Franchi A, Biolcati Rinaldi R, Rizzo G, D’Adamo M, Guglielmi V, Bellia A, Padua E, Caprio M, Sbraccia P. Long-Term Iron and Vitamin B12 Deficiency Are Present after Bariatric Surgery, despite the Widespread Use of Supplements. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(9):4541. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094541

22. Roman Pawlak, Scott James Parrott, Sudha Raj, Diana Cullum-Dugan, Debbie Lucus, How prevalent is vitamin B12 deficiency among vegetarians?, Nutrition Reviews, Volume 71, Issue 2, 1 February 2013, Pages 110–117, https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12001

https://journals.lww.com/ebp/Citation/2019/05000/Does_long_term_use_of_proton_pump_inhibitors_cause.21.aspx

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imj.12697

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1542356514010532

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/obr.13419

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0261561417300468

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11695-019-04167-x

Vitamin D deficiency references

Sherman SS, Hollis BW, Tobin JD. Vitamin D status and related parameters in a healthy population: the effects of age, sex, and season. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 1990 Aug 1;71(2):405-13.
Hilger J, Friedel A, Herr R, Rausch T, Roos F, Wahl DA, Pierroz DD, Weber P, Hoffmann K. A systematic review of vitamin D status in populations worldwide. British journal of nutrition. 2014 Jan;111(1):23-45.
Pludowski P, Grant WB, Bhattoa HP, Bayer M, Povoroznyuk V, Rudenka E, Ramanau H, Varbiro S, Rudenka A, Karczmarewicz E, Lorenc R. Vitamin D status in central Europe. International journal of endocrinology. 2014 Oct;2014.
Liu X, Baylin A, Levy PD. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among US adults: prevalence, predictors and clinical implications. British Journal of Nutrition. 2018 Apr;119(8):928-36.
Duarte, C., Carvalheiro, H., Rodrigues, A.M., Dias, S.S., Marques, A., Santiago, T., Canhão, H., Branco, J.C. and da Silva, J.A.P., 2020. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its predictors in the Portuguese population: a nationwide population-based study. Archives of osteoporosis, 15, pp.1-11.
Alloubani, A., Akhu-Zaheya, L., Samara, R., Abdulhafiz, I., Saleh, A. and Altowijri, A., 2019. Relationship between vitamin D deficiency, diabetes, and obesity. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 13(2), pp.1457-1461.

Alloubani, A., Akhu-Zaheya, L., Samara, R., Abdulhafiz, I., Saleh, A. and Altowijri, A., 2019. Relationship between vitamin D deficiency, diabetes, and obesity. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 13(2), pp.1457-1461.
Duarte, C., Carvalheiro, H., Rodrigues, A.M., Dias, S.S., Marques, A., Santiago, T., Canhão, H., Branco, J.C. and da Silva, J.A.P., 2020. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its predictors in the Portuguese population: a nationwide population-based study. Archives of osteoporosis, 15, pp.1-11.
Vallejo, M.S., Blümel, J.E., Arteaga, E., Aedo, S., Tapia, V., Araos, A., Sciaraffia, C. and Castelo-Branco, C., 2020. Gender differences in the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in a southern Latin American country: a pilot study. Climacteric, 23(4), pp.410-416.

Gordon CM, DePeter KC, Feldman HA, Grace E, Emans SJ. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among healthy adolescents. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine. 2004 Jun 1;158(6):531-7.
Manousaki, D., Forgetta, V., Richards, B., Mitchell, R., Haworth, S., Dudding, T. and Timpson, N., 2019, December. Genome-wide association study on vitamin D levels in 423,722 White British individuals from UK Biobank reveals 48 novel vitamin D-related loci. In JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH (Vol. 34, pp. 139-139). 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA: WILEY.
Selahvarzi, H., Kamdideh, M., Vahabi, M., Dezhgir, A., Houshmand, M. and Sadeghi, S., 2021. Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the VDR and CYP27B1 Genes with Risk of Developing Vitamin D3 Deficiency. J Pure Appl Microbiol, 15(1), pp.201-211.
Liu X, Baylin A, Levy PD. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among US adults: prevalence, predictors and clinical implications. British Journal of Nutrition. 2018 Apr;119(8):928-36.
Narang, R.K., Gamble, G.G., Khaw, K.T., Camargo, C.A., Sluyter, J.D., Scragg, R.K. and Reid, I.R., 2020. A prediction tool for vitamin D deficiency in New Zealand adults. Archives of Osteoporosis, 15, pp.1-11.

‍

Liu X, Baylin A, Levy PD. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among US adults: prevalence, predictors and clinical implications. British Journal of Nutrition. 2018 Apr;119(8):928-36.
Nikooyeh, B., Abdollahi, Z., Shariatzadeh, N., Kalayi, A., Zahedirad, M. and Neyestani, T., 2021. Effect of latitude on seasonal variations of vitamin D and some cardio metabolic risk factors: national food and nutrition surveillance. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 27(3), pp.269-278.
Chen, J., Yun, C., He, Y., Piao, J., Yang, L. and Yang, X., 2017. Vitamin D status among the elderly Chinese population: a cross-sectional analysis of the 2010–2013 China national nutrition and health survey (CNNHS). Nutrition journal, 16, pp.1-8.
Mendes, M.M., Darling, A.L., Hart, K.H., Morse, S., Murphy, R.J. and Lanham-New, S.A., 2019. Impact of high latitude, urban living and ethnicity on 25-hydroxyvitamin D status: a need for multidisciplinary action?. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 188, pp.95-102.
Al Hayek, S., Matar Bou Mosleh, J., Ghadieh, R. and El Hayek Fares, J., 2018. Vitamin D status and body composition: a cross-sectional study among employees at a private university in Lebanon. BMC nutrition, 4(1), pp.1-11.
Duarte, C., Carvalheiro, H., Rodrigues, A.M., Dias, S.S., Marques, A., Santiago, T., Canhão, H., Branco, J.C. and da Silva, J.A.P., 2020. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its predictors in the Portuguese population: a nationwide population-based study. Archives of osteoporosis, 15, pp.1-11.
Lerchbaum, E., Trummer, C., Theiler-Schwetz, V., Kollmann, M., Wölfler, M., Pilz, S. and Obermayer-Pietsch, B., 2019. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on body composition and metabolic risk factors in men: a randomized controlled trial. Nutrients, 11(8), p.1894.
Iolascon, G., de Sire, A., Calafiore, D., Moretti, A., Gimigliano, R. and Gimigliano, F., 2015. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with a reduction in upper and lower limb muscle strength and physical performance in post-menopausal women: a retrospective study. Aging clinical and experimental research, 27, pp.23-30.
Iolascon, G., de Sire, A., Calafiore, D., Moretti, A., Gimigliano, R. and Gimigliano, F., 2015. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with a reduction in upper and lower limb muscle strength and physical performance in post-menopausal women: a retrospective study. Aging clinical and experimental research, 27, pp.23-30.
Houston, D.K., Cesari, M., Ferrucci, L., Cherubini, A., Maggio, D., Bartali, B., Johnson, M.A., Schwartz, G.G. and Kritchevsky, S.B., 2007. Association between vitamin D status and physical performance: the InCHIANTI study. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 62(4), pp.440-446.
Delle Monache, S., Di Fulvio, P., Iannetti, E., Valerii, L., Capone, L., Nespoli, M.G., Bologna, M. and Angelucci, A., 2019. Body mass index represents a good predictor of vitamin D status in women independently from age. Clinical Nutrition, 38(2), pp.829-834.
Rafiq, S. and Jeppesen, P.B., 2018. Body mass index, vitamin D, and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients, 10(9), p.1182.
Valentini, A., Perrone, M.A., Cianfarani, M.A., Tarantino, U., Massoud, R., Merra, G., Bernardini, S., Morris, H.A. and Bertoli, A., 2020. Obesity, vitamin D status and physical activity: 1, 25 (OH) 2D as a potential marker of vitamin D deficiency in obese subjects. Panminerva medica, 62(2), pp.83-92.
Chen, Y.H., Fu, L., Hao, J.H., Wang, H., Zhang, C., Tao, F.B. and Xu, D.X., 2018. Influent factors of gestational vitamin D deficiency and its relation to an increased risk of preterm delivery in Chinese population. Scientific Reports, 8(1), p.3608.
Chen, J., Yun, C., He, Y., Piao, J., Yang, L. and Yang, X., 2017. Vitamin D status among the elderly Chinese population: a cross-sectional analysis of the 2010–2013 China national nutrition and health survey (CNNHS). Nutrition journal, 16, pp.1-8.

Nutrigenetics

Vitamin B12

Tanwar V. S. et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23201895/
Hazra A. et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18776911/

Vitamin C

Cahill L. E. et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19710200/

Vitamin D

Slater N. A. et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26038244/
Wang T. J. et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20541252/

Folate

Guinotte C. L. et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12730409/
Shane B. et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30339177/

Choline

Ganz A. B., Shields K., Fomin V. G., Lopez Y. S., Mohan S., Lovesky J., et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27342765/
Kohlmeier M., da Costa K., Fischer L. M., Zeisel S. H. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16236726/

Lactose Intolerance

Al-Abri et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23256641/
Alharbi O., El-Sohemy A. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28446633/
Canadian Digestive Health Foundation. https://cdhf.ca/digestive-disorders/lactose-intolerant/https://cdhf.ca/digestive-disorders/lactose-intolerant
Dzialanski et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26601570/
Enattah et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11788828/
Enattah et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18179885/
Hassan et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26728963/
Health Canada. https://www.inspection.gc.ca/food-label-requirements/labelling/industry/dairy-products/eng/1393082289862/1393082368941?chap=0
Hill et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23913618/
Imtiaz et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17911653/
Itan et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20144208/
Koek et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20225268/
Mayo Clinic. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lactose-intolerance/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20374238
Morales et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22021768/
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease. http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/lactose-intolerance
Raz et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23415628/
U.S. Food and Drug Administration. https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/problems-digesting-dairy-products

Gluten Intolerance

American Gastroenterology Association. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17484893/
Australian Breastfeeding Association. https://www.breastfeeding.asn.au/bfinfo/coeliac-disease-and-breastfeeding
Biesiekierski J. R., S. L. Peters, et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23648697/
Catassi, C, E. Fabiani, et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17209192/
Godfrey J. D., T. L. Brantner, et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20685275/
Monsuur A. J., P. I. de Bakker, et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18509540/
Norris J. M., K. Barriga, et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15900004/
Pietzak M. M., T. C. Schofield, et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19500688/
Rubio-Tapia A., R. A. Kyle, et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19362553/
Sapone A., J. C. Bai, et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22313950/
Sapone A., K. M. Lammers, et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21392369/
Smedby K. E., M. Akerman, et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15591504/
Tersigni C., R. Castellani, et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24619876/
Wolters V. M. and C. Wijmenga. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18184122/

Caffeine and Anxiety

Childs E. et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18305461/
Alsene K. et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12825092/
Domschke K. et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22399050/
Rogers P. J. et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20520601/

Caffeine and Cardiometabolic Health

Cornelis et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16522833/
Palatini et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25595320/
Palatini et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19451835/

Whole Grains

Cornelis M. C. et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19211816/

Sodium

Poch E. et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11711524/

Protein

Zhang et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22891219/
Rodrigues et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26429653/

Saturated Fat

Corella D. et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19901143/

Magnesium

Meyer, T. E., Verwoert, G. C., Hwang, S. J., Glazer, N. L., Smith, A. V., van Rooij, F. J., et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20700443/
Tin, A., Kottgen, A., Folsom, A. R., Maruthur, N. M., Tajuddin, S. M., Nalls, M. A., et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26058915/

Interleukin 6

Fishman et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9769329/

Antioxidant Capacity

Flekac, M., et al. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18423055/

Genetics

Genotype Based Supplement Recommendations

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36159456/

Omega 3 Genetics

*Juan J et al. Joint effects of fatty acid desaturase 1 polymorphisms and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid intake on circulating fatty acid proportions. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2018;107(1):826-833.

Takkunen MJ et al. Gene-diet interaction of a common FADS1 variant with marine polyunsaturated fatty acids for fatty acid composition in plasma and erythrocytes among men. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2016; 60: 381-89

Wang Y et al. Association between FADS1 rs174547 and levels of long-chain PUFA: a meta-analysis. British Journal of Nutrition. 2021;126(8):1121-29.

Spices

references

Spices from spice up live long abbreviated

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Etxeberria U, Fernández-Quintela A, Milagro FI, Aguirre L, Martínez JA, Portillo MP. Impact of polyphenols and polyphenol-rich dietary sources on gut microbiota composition. J Agric Food Chem. 2013;61(40):9517-9533. doi:10.1021/jf402506c

Fitzgerald KN, Hodges R, Hanes D, et al. Potential reversal of epigenetic age using a diet and lifestyle intervention: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Aging (Albany NY). 2021;13(7):9419-9432. doi:10.18632/aging.202913
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Kunnumakkara AB, Sailo BL, Banik K, et al. Chronic diseases, inflammation, and spices: how are they linked?. J Transl Med. 2018;16(1):14. Published 2018 Jan 25. doi:10.1186/s12967-018-1381-2

Lee KE, Mun S, Pyun HB, Kim MS, Hwang JK. Effects of macelignan isolated from Myristica fragrans (Nutmeg) on expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and type I procollagen in UVB-irradiated human skin fibroblasts. Biol Pharm Bull. 2012;35(10):1669-1675. doi:10.1248/bpb.b12-00037

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